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Introduction A defining feature of
2023-09-09
Introduction A defining feature of cancer cells is disruption of the normal controls of the cell cycle; a tumor suppressor or inhibitor may act by restricting progression of the cell cycle. P27 (also known as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B, P27, or Kip1) is a putative cell-cycle inhibitor pro
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The biology of the A BR is
2023-09-09
The biology of the A2BR is complex and needs to be considered contextually as the expression and effect of receptor engagement varies according to time post hypoxic injury, cell type and downstream signaling pathway. For example, A2BR expression is dynamic - low under basal and increasing under isch
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Despite these efforts to prevent oxidative
2023-09-09
Despite these efforts to prevent oxidative metabolic degradation, and showed only marginal improvements in metabolic stability and still exhibited high plasma clearances as shown in . High molecular weight as well as relative high log values could be contributing factors to the poor PK profiles of a
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In an insightful essay Heryanto writes that language is a
2023-09-09
In an insightful essay, Heryanto (1990, 40) writes that language is “a phenomenon expressing the particular history of a society” that did not exist in many parts of the world. “Language is not a universal category or cultural activity. Though it may sound odd, not all people have a language in the
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Osteoblasts have been thought to be the major
2023-09-09
Osteoblasts have been thought to be the major cell type that expresses RANKL (Suda et al., 1999) which is a ligand for osteoprotegerin (OPG) and which functions as a key factor for osteoclast differentiation and activation. Recently, Nakashima and his colleagues (Nakashima et al., 2011) demonstrated
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ONC201 br Introduction The process of mitosis is highly comp
2023-09-09
Introduction The process of mitosis is highly complex and tightly regulated. This phase of the ONC201 resulted in two identical daughter cells. The aurora kinases (aurora A, B, and C) are a family of three highly homologous serine-threonine protein kinases that play a key role in regulating the
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V ATPase is a complex enzyme that is composed of
2023-09-09
V-ATPase is a complex enzyme that is composed of several subunits, which are assembled into two domains: trans-membrane (V0) and cytosolic (V1) domains [3,5]. Epididymal epithelial CCT251545 analogue of rats has been reported to contain V-ATPase which is distributed at the apical pole of the narrow
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As a neuropeptide Apelin also
2023-09-08
As a neuropeptide, Apelin also has a critical role in cardiovascular diseases. Systemic administration of Apelin exert vasodilatory and antihypertensive effects [33]. Meanwhile, the apelin-APJ signal transduction pathway is related to age-associated cardiovascular diseases [34]. It has been known th
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We further conducted stratified analyses to observe changes
2023-09-08
We further conducted stratified analyses to observe changes in enzyme levels across the periods by subgroups. Fig. 1 shows the changes in GPx levels by subgroups of age, sex, and smoking status. In all participants, GPx levels decreased when air pollution levels declined but increased after the Olym
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br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments We thank Simcere Pharmace
2023-09-08
STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We thank Simcere Pharmaceuticals, Nanjing, China, for providing a rabbit anti-VEGF neutralizing monoclonal antibody. We thank Dr. Schlisio in the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Karolinska Institute, for assistance with hypoxia assay. Y.C.’s laboratory is sup
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br Prostate cancer and resistance
2023-09-08
Prostate cancer and resistance to AR targeting treatment The AR plays a pivotal role in the development, differentiation, homeostasis and secretory function of the normal prostate (Wilson, 2011). The AR is also a key player in many phases of prostate carcinogenesis (Huggins et al., 1941, Scher an
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br Acknowledgments and Disclosures br Alzheimer s disease as
2023-09-08
Acknowledgments and Disclosures Alzheimer's disease as a synaptic pathology Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative Amsacrine hydrochloride disorder and the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Progressive depositions of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles tog
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N terminally extended antigenic peptide precursors that surv
2023-09-08
N-terminally extended antigenic peptide precursors that survive cytosolic degradation and enter the ER, need to be further processed by ERAP1 and/or ERAP2, in order to acquire the right length required for MHCI binding. ERAP1 (ERAAP in mouse) is an IFN-γ-inducible, metalloaminopeptidase that trims N
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In hypothalamus as indicated in Fig
2023-09-08
In hypothalamus, as indicated in Fig. 2 (column A) and following the enzymatic cascade represented in Fig. 1, we could hypothesize a predominance of Ang 2–10 and Ang III formation in SHR compared to WKY. This is in agreement with previous results that reported significant higher rate of Ang 2–10 fo
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Ozone induced innate inflammatory responses
2023-09-08
Ozone-induced innate inflammatory responses in the lung involve neutrophil extravasation through enhanced trans-endothelial migration (Krishna et al., 1997). Catecholamines and glucocorticoids, which are increased by ozone inhalation (Bass et al., 2013, Miller et al., 2015, Miller et al., 2016a, Mil
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