• Introduction Mammalian cells express the

  2022-12-02

  

  Introduction Mammalian 182 8 express the seven STAT family members STAT1, −2, −3, −4, −5A, −5B, and −6 [1], [2]. All STATs exert physiologically important roles as homo- and heterodimers [2], [3], [4]. Cytokines and growth factors activate STATs through the activation of kinases that phosphorylate

• Finally we show that the optimal corporate tax

  2022-12-02

  

  Finally, we show that the optimal corporate tax rate is strictly positive, balancing the increase in tax revenues against the loss in consumer surplus due to higher prices and fewer firms (products). This result is related to the well-known “excessive entry theorem” that shows, for a large class of

• In fact serotonin is a major modulator

  2022-12-02

  

  In fact, serotonin is a major modulator of dopaminergic (DA) neuronal activity through the 5-HT2C receptor. Studies have shown that the selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist Ro60-0175 blocks the burst-firing of mesolimbic DA neurons, which project from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus acc

• GABAB receptor is associated with brain

  2022-12-02

  

  GABAB receptor is associated with ceramide and behavioral diseases, including epilepsy, spasticity, anxiety and neuropathic pain (Bettler et al., 2004, Bowery et al., 2002, Froestl, 2010). Baclofen, a clinical drug and selective GABAB receptor agonist, is used to treat muscle spasticity in patients

• The following are the supplementary data related

  2022-12-02

  

  The following are the supplementary data related to this article. Competing interest Ethics approval and consent to participate Authors' contributions Acknowledgements The authors thank Dr. D. R. Kaplan for kind advice and materials derived from NB primary cell lines, Dr. F. D. Miller f

• Complementing the effects of ARB and

  2022-12-02

  

  Complementing the effects of ARB and ACEI on HDL capacity to elicit cholesterol efflux, HDL of ARB- and ACEI-treated groups significantly lessened macrophage production of superoxide (Fig 2). As with efflux, there was no difference in this effect between the ARB and ACEI groups. These data are inter

• The specific mechanism and neurotoxic A species are yet

  2022-12-02

  

  The specific mechanism and neurotoxic Aβ LY294002 are yet to be elucidated, however recent studies have provided significant evidence for the amyloid channel hypothesis. These reports have established that relatively small oligomers ( Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This work was financed

• Curcumin is able to upregulate the protein

  2022-12-01

  

  Curcumin is able to upregulate the protein level of NGF through cannabinoid receptor CB1, where the activation of Akt pathway probably plays an important part in the CB1-mediated signal transmission [9,10]. This finding suggested that the protection of curcumin in spinal motor neurons of SNI rats is

• br Discussion Here we focused on seven plant

  2022-12-01

  

  Discussion Here, we focused on seven plant alkaloids extracted from yokukansan. These alkaloids individually inhibited 5-HT-mediated 5-HT3A and 5-HT3AB receptor currents weakly. Simultaneous administration of these alkaloids, however, inhibited the 5-HT3A and 5-HT3AB receptor currents strongly. T

• Most studies on d penicillamine induced MG were

  2022-12-01

  

  Most studies on d-penicillamine-induced MG were performed before the discovery that some MG patients have anti-MuSK antibodies. After the identification of the present case, we retrospectively tested the stored frozen sera of ten earlier identified d-penicillamine MG patients with anti-AChR lumiraco

• Until now there are no report regarding the

  2022-12-01

  

  Until now, there are no report regarding the relationship of CD21 and MG. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the AchR specified tachykinins and investigated the role of CD21 in immunopathogenesis of MG. We utilized the Allophycocyanin (APC)-conjugated AchR to measure the frequencies of

• To date more than different mutations in the gene have

  2022-12-01

  

  To date, more than 50 different mutations in the gene have been described (Human Gene Mutation Database at the Institute of Medical Genetics in Cardiff: SRD5A2 Gene: http://www.hgmd.cf.ac.uk). Most of them are missense mutations but premature stop codons and deletions leading to non-functional or su

• Introduction Dementia is a common disease in

  2022-12-01

  

  Introduction Dementia is a common disease in the elderly, and a significant source of disability, healthcare spending, and long-term care admissions. There is evidence to suggest that testosterone plays a role in cognitive functioning, and lower serum levels correlate with higher amyloid deposits (

• Phospholipases cleave membrane phospholipids from inflammato

  2022-12-01

  

  Phospholipases cleave membrane phospholipids from inflammatory cells, activated platelets, erythrocytes, adipocytes and cancer Azaperone (Aoki et al., 2008, Neidlinger et al., 2006). Several reports have analysed the role of LPA and its receptors in the pathogenesis of RA. Zhao et al. reported that

• Human lipoxygenase exists in two forms named LOX also

  2022-12-01

  

  Human 15-lipoxygenase exists in two forms, named 15-LOX-1 (also named 12/15-LOX, 15-LO-1) and 15-LOX-2. Several reports indicate that 15-LOX-1 has a pathophysiological role in respiratory inflammatory diseases, in particular asthma. Increased activity of 15-LOX-1 is displayed in the respiratory trac

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